Lighthouse Reports (2023) News article / media

Spain's AI Doctor

Lighthouse Reports

Ref: SRC-001-ESP-001

https://www.lighthousereports.com/investigation/spains-ai-doctor/

Accessed: 3/19/2026

Summary

Primary investigative report exposing the INSS algorithm. Details how the system was deployed secretly, uses XGBoost, and has high false positive rates.

View Harvard reference

Lighthouse Reports (2023) 'Spain's AI Doctor', Suspicion Machines series, April 2023.

Linked Cases (1)

ESP-001 ESP Full Production Deployment

INSS 'AI Doctor' — ML-Based Sick Leave Fraud Detection (Modelo de Priorización de Citas)

Social insurance Classical ML